——再生聚苯砜应用、等级、性能与颜色全参考（含2026-09-11报价单样本数据及PPSU/PSU对比）
1 概述
1.1 什么是再生PPSU
PPSU，学名聚亚苯基砜树脂/聚苯砜（Polyphenylsulfone, PPSU），CAS 79293-56-4，是聚砜（Polysulfone）家族中耐温与韧性兼备的高端成员。分子主链含砜基（–SO₂–）与联苯刚性芳环结构，属非结晶型（无定形）聚合物，无熔点，天然呈琥珀色半透明。原生代表牌号体系为 Solvay/Syensqo Radel® R 系列（R-5000 通用注塑级透明、R-5100 着色级、R-5500 挤出级棒/板、R-5800/R-5900 高流动透明注塑级）与 BASF Ultrason® P 系列（P3010、P2010 等；BASF 内部以 P=PPSU、S=PSU、E=PESU 区分）。
以 Radel R-5000 为基准牌号，PPSU 玻璃化温度 Tg 约 220 ℃，热变形温度 HDT（1.8 MPa）实测约 207 ℃（注：并非 >213 ℃，220 ℃ 为 Tg），密度约 1.29 g/cm³，拉伸强度约 70–80 MPa，缺口 Izod 冲击约 690 J/m，韧性接近 PC，在聚砜类中处于较高水平。其本征阻燃，UL94 V-0 可达 0.8 mm 壁厚而无需添加阻燃剂。熔融加工窗口约 340–390 ℃，MFR 测试条件为 365 ℃/5.0 kg（ASTM D1238），不宜套用普通工程塑料的 230 ℃/2.16 kg 条件。
再生 PPSU（rPPSU）指将上述工业或消费后废料经破碎（研磨至 2–8 mm）、FTIR 红外分选、清洗、140–160 ℃ 干燥（含水率 <0.02 wt%）后双螺杆造粒所得的再生粒料。料源分两类：PIR（工业来源废料，如奶瓶/吸奶器注塑水口流道、医疗器械加工边角、电子连接器流道、板棒材机加工屑，单一牌号、清洁度高、可追溯）；PCR（消费后回收，如退役奶瓶、报废医疗件、拆解电子件，混杂度高，含标签/硅胶/金属嵌件，需消毒与资质审核）。
1.2 核心价值
再生 PPSU 的核心价值在于成本与政策双驱动。其一，价格优势：原生进口 Radel 原装食品/医疗级约 15–25 万元/吨，国产及副牌约 8–13 万元/吨；而本次调研的再生 PPSU 报价区间仅 2.9–5.2 万元/吨，约为原生进口价的 1/3–1/5，较原生料低约 60–80%。其二，合规与绿色政策驱动：医疗复用件、母婴制品对生物相容性与食品接触合规要求高，再生料在非透明工业件场景可帮助下游在满足 GB 4806.6、FDA 21 CFR 177.1560 等框架下实现降碳与成本控制。
需特别提示：可复用医疗件与 T/ZZB 2152-2021《PPSU 奶瓶》按法规禁用回料，再生 PPSU 的主战场是非透明工业结构件（黑色造粒、一般消费件），不应向高端母婴/医疗透明件套用。
1.3 重要区分：PPSU vs PSU（PPSU 为高端砜类）
PPSU 常与 PSU（双酚A型聚砜，Udel®/Ultrason® S）混用，二者同属聚砜家族，但耐温、韧性、灭菌寿命与价格差异显著，不可互换。关键区分见下表。
| 维度 | PPSU（聚苯砜） | PSU（双酚A型聚砜） |
|---|
| 代表品牌/牌号 | Solvay Radel® R；BASF Ultrason® P | Solvay Udel®；BASF Ultrason® S |
| Tg | 约 220 ℃ | 约 185 ℃ |
| HDT（1.8 MPa） | 约 207 ℃ | 约 174 ℃ |
| 长期连续使用温度 | 约 180 ℃ | 约 150 ℃ |
| 反复蒸汽灭菌（134 ℃） | 官方测试 500 次无显著劣化，下游宣传可达千次以上 | 约百次量级 |
| 缺口冲击韧性 | 约 690 J/m，韧性接近 PC | 明显低于 PPSU |
| 密度 | 约 1.29 g/cm³ | 约 1.24 g/cm³ |
| 原生料价格量级 | 高端 | 约为 PPSU 的 1/3–1/4 |
| 典型应用 | 高端母婴奶瓶/吸奶器、可复用手术器械与灭菌托盘、呼吸机湿化罐、牙科件、航空内饰 | 常规医疗件、水处理膜/滤芯、食品加工件、电子接插件 |
选型一句话：要耐反复蒸汽灭菌与高抗冲选 PPSU；要耐约 150 ℃、高性价比、水处理与常规透明件选 PSU。
2 应用领域与具体产品
2.1 母婴（表1）
PPSU 是当前高端奶瓶的主流材料之一，不含双酚 A，耐煮沸与蒸汽消毒。表1 列示母婴领域典型制品与选材特征。
| 序号 | 具体产品 | 选材特征 |
|---|
| 1 | 高端 PPSU 奶瓶 | 无 BPA、耐煮沸/蒸汽消毒，琥珀色透明；T/ZZB 2152-2021 团标合规（瓶身禁回料） |
| 2 | 吸奶器组件/护罩 | 耐反复消毒、韧性高，可适配硅胶配件 |
| 3 | 学饮杯/儿童水杯 | 耐摔、耐蒸煮、轻量化 |
注：奶瓶级再生料受 T/ZZB 2152-2021 团标"瓶身严禁使用回料"约束，PCR 奶瓶级再生料只能流向非食品/非母婴场景。
2.2 医疗（表2）
医疗领域看重 PPSU 耐千次级蒸汽灭菌与生物相容性（ISO 10993、USP Class VI）。表2 列示典型医疗制品。
| 序号 | 具体产品 | 选材特征 |
|---|
| 1 | 可复用手术器械/手柄 | 耐千次级蒸汽灭菌，强度与韧性保持 |
| 2 | 灭菌托盘/灭菌盒 | 134 ℃ 高压反复消毒，尺寸稳定 |
| 3 | 呼吸机湿化罐/部件 | 耐热水解、耐蒸汽 |
| 4 | 胰岛素笔部件 | 生物相容、尺寸精度高 |
| 5 | 牙科器械/血液透析部件 | 耐消毒、耐化学试剂 |
注：可复用医疗件法规上通常禁用再生料；再生 PPSU 仅用于非透明工业件。
2.3 食品接触 + 水处理（表3）
食品接触端执行 FDA 21 CFR 177.1560（聚芳砜树脂）与中国 GB 4806.6-2016。表3 列示食品接触与水处理典型制品。
| 序号 | 具体产品 | 选材特征 |
|---|
| 1 | 咖啡机部件 | 耐高温热水、耐水解 |
| 2 | 微波餐具/耐热器具 | 耐微波加热、透明 |
| 3 | 食品加工设备部件 | 耐蒸煮、耐清洗剂 |
| 4 | 净水器膜壳/内件、流体输送件 | 耐热水解、耐氯（PPSU 是否列入 NSF 61 饮用水列名待核实） |
2.4 航空 + 电子半导体（表4）
航空领域看重本征阻燃 V-0 与轻质；电子半导体领域看重耐高温与介电稳定。表4 列示典型制品。
| 序号 | 领域 | 具体产品 | 选材特征 |
|---|
| 1 | 航空 | 飞机内饰件、航空餐饮车部件 | 本征阻燃 V-0、轻质、耐乘务消毒 |
| 2 | 电子 | 连接器、传感器 | 耐高温、介电稳定、低吸潮 |
| 3 | 半导体 | 半导体测试座、芯片老化插座 | 耐高温、尺寸稳定、低 CTI 需求 |
3 行业等级体系
GB/T 40006（再生塑料系列）截至本整理未见 PPSU 专项，再生 PPSU 暂按 GB/T 40006.1《通则》框架执行，具体牌号验收靠供需双方企业标准/厂检（建议在国标委公开系统按最新版次复核）。PPSU 材料本身无独立国标/行标牌号体系。行业通行分级与原生牌号体系见下表（表5）。
| 分级维度 | 具体等级/牌号 | 说明 |
|---|
| 标准现状 | GB/T 40006.1《通则》 | 无 PPSU 专项，按通则框架 + 企业标准验收 |
| 按纯度 | 特级 / 一级 / 二级 | 特级、一级为单一牌号 PIR 水口料；二级为掺混或轻度污染 |
| 按加工工艺 | 注塑级 / 挤出级 | 注塑级流动性高；挤出级用于棒/板/型材 |
| 按改性 | 纯树脂 / 玻纤增强 | 纯树脂保持高透明与高韧；玻纤增强提高刚性与耐热 |
| 按颜色 | 黑色 / 透明本色 / 染色 | 透明本色级稀缺、价高 |
| 原生牌号（Solvay） | Radel R-5000/5100/5500/5800/5900 | 通用透明 / 着色 / 挤出 / 高流动透明 |
| 原生牌号（BASF） | Ultrason P3010 / P2010 | P=PPSU，区分于 S=PSU、E=PESU |
4 性能指标
4.1 原生与再生对比
表6 为原生 Radel R-5000 典型物性值。
| 指标 | 典型数值 | 测试方法/条件 |
|---|
| 密度 | 1.29 g/cm³ | ASTM D792 |
| 玻璃化温度 Tg | 220 ℃ | DSC / ASTM D3418 |
| 热变形温度 HDT | 207 ℃（1.8 MPa） | ASTM D648 |
| 连续使用温度 | 约 180 ℃（短期约 200 ℃） | — |
| 拉伸强度 | 约 70–80 MPa | ASTM D638 |
| 拉伸模量 | 约 2.3–2.5 GPa | ASTM D638 |
| 弯曲模量 | 约 2410 MPa | ASTM D790 |
| 弯曲强度 | 约 91 MPa | ASTM D790 |
| 缺口 Izod 冲击 | 约 690 J/m | ASTM D256 |
| MFR | 14–20 g/10min（365 ℃/5.0 kg） | ASTM D1238 |
| UL94 阻燃 | V-0（至 0.8 mm 壁厚），本征阻燃 | UL94 |
| 吸水率 | 约 0.37% | ASTM D570 |
| 成型收缩率 | 约 0.70%（流动方向） | ASTM D955 |
表7 为原生与再生 PPSU 关键指标对比方向。
| 指标 | 原生 Radel R-5000 | 再生 rPPSU | 变化方向 |
|---|
| 缺口冲击 | 约 690 J/m | 下降 | ↓（最敏感指标） |
| MFR | 14–20 g/10min | 上升（分子量下降） | ↑ |
| 透明度/色差 | 琥珀透明 | 黄变、ΔE 上升 | ↓ |
| 拉伸/弯曲强度 | 基准 | 相对稳定、小幅变化 | ↓/≈ |
| UL94 阻燃 | V-0 @0.8mm | 基本保持 | ≈ |
表8 为再生后性能变化的定性描述与机理。
| 性能项 | 再生后变化 | 说明/机理 |
|---|
| 冲击韧性 | 下降最明显 | 多轮热历史断链、链端增多，缺口冲击降幅大于拉伸/弯曲 |
| 黄变/色差 | 透明度下降、ΔE 上升 | 砜基+芳环高温热氧老化生成羰基发色团；对 UVC 敏感，禁 UVC 消毒 |
| 分子量/MFR | 分子量下降、MFR 上升 | 340–390 ℃ 加工窗口下每次熔体均有断链，需反应性挤出扩链恢复 |
| 拉伸/弯曲强度 | 相对稳定 | 网上"再生降 15–30%"多出自 GFR-PPS（玻纤增强聚苯硫醚）数据，不可套用 PPSU |
| 掺混比例 | 工业/一般消费可掺 20–25% regrind | 医疗可复用件因追溯与生物相容法规禁掺回料 |
| 清洗效果 | 清洗后力学可接近原生 | 5% 乙酸或商用皂液清洗后熔融挤出，力学与原生纯料相当、优于未清洗料 |
4.2 按用途与改性分级
表9 为再生 PPSU 按用途与改性方向的分级。
| 分级方向 | 典型规格 | 性能/加工特点 | 典型应用 |
|---|
| 注塑纯树脂（黑色） | 黑色造粒 | 流动性好，黑色遮盖色差与污染 | 一般工业结构件、非透明件 |
| 注塑透明级 | 本色琥珀 PIR 水口造粒 | 保持透明度、价高稀缺 | 对外观/透明有要求的非食品件 |
| 挤出级 | R-5500 类棒/板再生 | 分子量较高、挤出稳定 | 板棒材、型材 |
| 玻纤增强 | GF20–30% | 刚性提高、HDT 提升、韧性下降 | 耐高温结构件、连接器骨架 |
5 颜色体系
原生 PPSU 天然琥珀色透明，可着色。再生市场按颜色与品级分档：黑色可遮盖色差与污染，为主流低价档；透明本色级因黄变不可逆而稀缺、价高。变色机理：高温多次加工叠加砜基热氧老化，生成羰基发色团导致黄变；PPSU 对 UVC 紫外线敏感，禁用 UVC 消毒。表10 为颜色与价格分层。
| 颜色/品级 | 报价（元/吨） | 品级 | 特点 |
|---|
| 黑色再生 PPSU | 29000 | 黑色造粒 | 黑色遮盖色差与污染，用于非透明结构件，价格较低 |
| 未标注颜色/混色 | 52000 | 成色较好造粒料 | 牌号较纯；原报价单未标注颜色，待核实 |
| 奶瓶粉碎透明料 | 50000 | PIR 透明粉碎/造粒 | 本色琥珀透明，稀缺价高；仅清洁 PIR 水口可保持透明 |
透明级稀缺原因：透明本色料一旦热氧老化即黄变，黄变不可逆，随即丧失透明应用价值；只有清洁 PIR 水口料能保持透明度，故透明本色再生料供给有限。
6 市场与趋势速览
6.1 市场规模与竞争格局
全球 PPSU 市场（PPSU 专项口径）约 4–5 亿美元（2024 年约 4.16 亿美元），预测 CAGR 约 6–8%。各研究机构口径不统一（PPSU 专项与聚砜家族 PSU+PES+PPSU 常被混报，个别机构报出 27.9 亿美元量级疑为聚砜家族口径），对外引用建议取 PPSU 专项口径并注明机构口径差异。竞争格局为 Solvay（已拆分高性能塑料业务为 Syensqo，Radel®）与 BASF（Ultrason® P/S/E）双寡头。
中国产能：金发科技 PES/PPSU 年产 6000 吨装置已投产；沃特股份拥有万吨级 PSU/PPSU 产能平台；中研股份 2026 年公告扩产聚砜类产能约 10 倍并布局上游单体一体化；另有优巨新材、浩然特塑、富海集团等在建。再生 PPSU 年产量无公开统计，属隐性小众市场，货源集中在长三角/珠三角母婴与医疗注塑产业带。
6.2 价格
原生 PPSU：进口 Radel 原装食品/医疗级约 15–25 万元/吨，国产及副牌食品级约 8–13 万元/吨（注：非 20–30 万元/吨）。再生 PPSU：本次报价单区间 2.9–5.2 万元/吨，与原生进口价差约 3–5 倍。价差原因：①透明级再生稀缺度；②牌号分选成本（PPSU 与 PES/PEI/PSU 同为琥珀色透明、密度接近，须 FTIR 鉴别）；③医疗/食品级禁用再生的追溯折价；④冲击韧性下降限制用途。
6.3 2026-09-11 报价单明细（3 条，可购量合计 22 吨）
表11 为 2026-09-11 报价单样本数据，共 3 条，可购量合计 22 吨。
| 序号 | 品名/规格 | 价格（元/吨） | 可购量（吨） | 品级/颜色 |
|---|
| 1 | 黑色再生 PPSU 造粒 | 29000 | 10 | 黑色 |
| 2 | PPSU 再生造粒（原报价单未标注颜色） | 52000 | 7 | 颜色待核实 |
| 3 | PPSU 奶瓶粉碎透明料 | 50000 | 5 | 透明本色 |
| 合计 | — | — | 22 | — |
注：第 2 条"PPSU 52000"原报价单规格缺颜色标注，待核实。数据来源：2026-09-11 报价单（样本数据）。
6.4 PPSU / PSU 对比（表12）
从选型决策角度再做一次 PPSU 与 PSU 对比，便于下游按耐温、灭菌寿命与预算快速选型。
| 维度 | PPSU（聚苯砜） | PSU（双酚A型聚砜） |
|---|
| 代表品牌/牌号 | Solvay Radel® R；BASF Ultrason® P | Solvay Udel®；BASF Ultrason® S |
| Tg / HDT | 220 ℃ / 207 ℃ | 约 185 ℃ / 约 174 ℃ |
| 长期连续使用温度 | 约 180 ℃ | 约 150 ℃ |
| 反复蒸汽灭菌 | 官方 500 次，下游宣传千次以上 | 约百次量级 |
| 缺口冲击韧性 | 约 690 J/m，接近 PC | 明显较低 |
| 原生价格量级 | 进口 15–25 万 / 国产 8–13 万（元/吨） | 约为 PPSU 的 1/3–1/4 |
| 典型应用 | 高端母婴、可复用医疗、航空内饰 | 常规医疗、水处理、电子接插件 |
6.5 政策法规
美国 FDA 食品接触：21 CFR 177.1560"Polyarylsulfone resins"（聚芳砜树脂，CAS 79293-56-4），允许用于食品接触制品。中国食品接触：基础标准 GB 4806.6-2016《食品接触用塑料树脂》；奶瓶有团体标准 T/ZZB 2152-2021《PPSU 奶瓶》，明确瓶身须为聚亚苯基砜树脂、符合 GB 4806.6，严禁使用回料。
卫生部 2011 年第 23 号公告：其中抓取文本附"使用温度应低于 121 ℃、不可用于制造婴幼儿食品容器"字样，但该表述与 PPSU 奶瓶在国内合规流通十余年的现状矛盾。判断：该限制在 2011 年公告表格中更可能归属双酚A型 PSU 或 PC 条目，搜索引擎抓取存在表格行错位；PPSU 不含双酚 A、以联苯二酚为单体，本就是 PC 奶瓶的合规替代。【待核实：需调阅 2011 年第 23 号公告原表逐行核对 PPSU/PSU/PC 三行备注归属】
欧盟：EU 10/2011 食品接触塑料框架；ELV/WEEE 通用回收框架。再生含量认证：GRS / ISCC PLUS / UL 2809，再生 PPSU 贸易需 GRS 追溯与再生含量声明。
6.6 减排数据
目前无 PPSU 专属 LCA（生命周期评价）公开数据，本整理不编造减排数值，仅作诚实标注：再生 PPSU 相对原生料的减排效益需依托 GRS/ISCC PLUS/UL 2809 再生含量认证与具体牌号实测；下游如需碳足迹声明，应向供应商索取经第三方核验的 LCA 报告。
6.7 东南亚进口渠道与料源背景
关税框架：RCEP 项下中国与越南/泰国/马来西亚等东盟成员逐步零关税，再生塑料颗粒按 HS 3915 税目进口，需关注"废塑料"进口禁令与"再生颗粒"准入边界（中国对来源国环保批文、夹杂物、放射性等有口岸查验要求）。
货源特征：东南亚承接了大量中国转移的母婴注塑、电子代工产能，其 PIR 水口料/流道料经当地中资再生厂破碎造粒后回流；高端透明 PPSU 再生料东南亚货源以此类产业转移副产为主。数据可得性：无 PPSU 再生料专项海关贸易公开数据（HS 3915 不细分到 PPSU 牌号），特种 PPSU 东南亚来源以定性描述为主，无公开贸易统计。【待核实】
7 文章写作切入建议
围绕再生 PPSU 可规划以下 6 篇系列文章，每篇给出主题与切入点：
| 序号 | 系列文章主题 | 切入点 |
|---|
| 1 | 再生 PPSU 是什么：比原生便宜 60–80% 的高端砜类 | 定义 + Radel R/Ultrason P 牌号体系 + 认知纠偏（HDT 实测 207 ℃、Tg 220 ℃） |
| 2 | PPSU 还是 PSU？一张表分清聚砜家族的高端与入门 | PPSU vs PSU 对比 + 按耐温/灭菌寿命/预算选型决策 |
| 3 | 再生 PPSU 用在哪：母婴、医疗、食品、航空、电子五大场景 | 应用领域拆解 + 明确哪些场景能用再生料、哪些受法规禁用 |
| 4 | 再生 PPSU 为什么黑色便宜、透明贵？颜色与价格分层真相 | 颜色体系 + 黄变机理（羰基发色团）+ 透明级稀缺原因 |
| 5 | 再生 PPSU 性能会掉多少？冲击韧性下降最敏感 | 原生 vs 再生性能变化 + 纠偏（GFR-PPS"降15–30%"不可套用）+ 掺混比例 |
| 6 | 再生 PPSU 料源从哪来？东南亚 PIR 水口料与 RCEP 进口渠道 | 料源 + FTIR 分选难点 + 东南亚渠道与合规边界 |
8 资料来源
[1] Solvay/Syensqo Radel® R-5000 Design Guide 与官方物性表（Tg 220 ℃、HDT 207 ℃、MFR 365 ℃/5.0 kg、UL94 V-0 @0.8 mm）。【网络查证】
[2] Solvay《Radel R-5000 Shelf Life and Sterilization Study》（500 次蒸汽灭菌循环无显著劣化；千次为下游宣传口径）。【网络查证】
[3] 美国 eCFR 21 CFR 177.1560 聚芳砜树脂（Polyarylsulfone resins，CAS 79293-56-4）原文。【网络查证】
[4] GB 4806.6-2016《食品接触用塑料树脂》；T/ZZB 2152-2021《PPSU 奶瓶》团体标准（瓶身严禁使用回料）。【网络查证】
[5] 再生 PPSU 报价单（2026-09-11，共 3 条，可购量合计 22 吨；第 2 条缺颜色标注待核实）。【报价单样本数据】
[6] 中国产能：金发科技 PES/PPSU 6000 吨、沃特股份万吨级 PSU/PPSU、中研股份扩产约 10 倍（上市公司公告/财经媒体报道）。【网络查证】
[7] 全球市场规模：Credence Research 2024 年 4.16 亿美元（PPSU 专项）。【网络查证】；Verified Market Reports 27.9 亿美元等疑为聚砜家族口径。【报告口径待核实】
[8] 卫生部 2011 年第 23 号公告中 PPSU/PSU/PC 条目备注的准确归属。【待核实】
[9] 再生性能变化：ACS Sustainable Res. Mgmt. 2025 清洗研究；patsnap 回收技术综述（150 ℃/4 h 干燥、反应性挤出扩链）。【网络查证】
[10] 再生 PPSU 实际年产量、东南亚 HS 3915 税目零关税实操、PPSU 是否列入 NSF 61 饮用水列名。【无公开统计/待核实】
[11] 认知纠偏："再生后拉伸/弯曲强度降 15–30%"出自 GFR-PPS（玻纤增强聚苯硫醚）文献，不可套用 PPSU；PPSU 再生后冲击韧性下降最敏感。【认知纠偏】
——Comprehensive Reference for Recycled Polysulfone Applications, Grades, Performance, and Colors (Including Quotation Sample Data as of 2026-09-11 and PPSU/PSU Comparison)
1 Overview
1.1 What is Recycled PPSU
PPSU, scientifically known as polyphenylsulfone resin/polyphenylsulfone (Polyphenylsulfone, PPSU), CAS 79293-56-4, is a high-end member of the polysulfone family that combines heat resistance and toughness. Its molecular backbone contains sulfone groups (–SO₂–) and rigid biphenyl aromatic rings, making it an amorphous polymer with no melting point, naturally presenting as amber semi-transparent. The representative native grade systems are Solvay/Syensqo Radel® R series (R-5000 general-purpose injection molding transparent grade, R-5100 colorable grade, R-5500 extrusion grade rods/sheets, R-5800/R-5900 high-flow transparent injection molding grade) and BASF Ultrason® P series (P3010, P2010, etc.; BASF internally distinguishes with P=PPSU, S=PSU, E=PESU).
Using Radel R-5000 as the reference grade, PPSU has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about 220 ℃, and the measured heat deflection temperature (HDT) at 1.8 MPa is approximately 207 ℃ (Note: not >213 ℃, 220 ℃ is Tg). Its density is about 1.29 g/cm³, tensile strength is around 70–80 MPa, notched Izod impact is about 690 J/m, and its toughness is close to that of PC, placing it at a relatively high level among polysulfones. It is inherently flame-retardant, achieving UL94 V-0 at a wall thickness of 0.8 mm without the need for flame retardant additives. The melt processing window is about 340–390 ℃, and the MFR test conditions are 365 ℃/5.0 kg (ASTM D1238); it is not suitable to use the 230 ℃/2.16 kg conditions typical for ordinary engineering plastics.
Recycled PPSU (rPPSU) refers to recycled pellets obtained by crushing the aforementioned industrial or post-consumer waste (ground to 2–8 mm), FTIR infrared sorting, washing, drying at 140–160 ℃ (moisture content <0.02 wt%), and twin-screw extrusion pelletizing. There are two types of material sources: PIR (post-industrial waste, such as injection molding sprues from baby bottles/feeding bottles, edges from medical device processing, electronic connector runners, machined sheets and rods; single grade, high cleanliness, traceable); PCR (post-consumer recycled materials, such as retired baby bottles, discarded medical parts, dismantled electronic components; high heterogeneity, containing labels/silicone/metal inserts, requiring disinfection and qualification review).
1.2 Core Values
The core value of recycled PPSU lies in the dual drivers of cost and policy. First, the price advantage: the original imported Radel food/medical grade is about 150,000–250,000 RMB/ton, domestic and secondary brands are about 80,000–130,000 RMB/ton; while the recycled PPSU surveyed this time is priced only at 29,000–52,000 RMB/ton, about 1/3–1/5 of the original imported price, approximately 60–80% lower than the virgin material. Second, compliance and green policy-driven: medical reusable parts and maternal and infant products have high requirements for biocompatibility and food-contact compliance. Recycled material can help downstream users achieve carbon reduction and cost control under frameworks such as GB 4806.6 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1560 in non-transparent industrial parts scenarios.
Special note: Reusable medical items and T/ZZB 2152-2021 'PPSU Baby Bottles' are prohibited by regulations from using recycled materials. The main application for recycled PPSU is non-transparent industrial structural parts (black pellets, general consumer parts), and it should not be applied to high-end mother-and-baby/medical transparent parts.
1.3 Important distinction: PPSU vs PSU (PPSU is a high-end sulfone)
PPSU is often used in combination with PSU (bisphenol A polysulfone, Udel®/Ultrason® S). Both belong to the polysulfone family, but they differ significantly in heat resistance, toughness, sterilization lifespan, and price, and are not interchangeable. Key distinctions are shown in the table below.
| Dimension | PPSU (Polyphenylsulfone) | PSU (Bisphenol A-based polyethersulfone) |
|---|
| Representative brand/trademark | Solvay Radel® R; BASF Ultrason® P | Solvay Udel®; BASF Ultrason® S |
| Tg | about 220 ℃ | About 185 ℃ |
| HDT (1.8 MPa) | about 207 ℃ | About 174 ℃ |
| Long-term continuous use temperature | About 180 ℃ | About 150 ℃ |
| Repeated steam sterilization (134 ℃) | Official tests show 500 times without significant degradation, downstream promotion can reach over a thousand times | on the order of a hundred times |
| Notch impact toughness | About 690 J/m, toughness close to PC | Significantly lower than PPSU |
| Density | Approximately 1.29 g/cm³ | Approximately 1.24 g/cm³ |
| Price scale of raw materials | High-end | Approximately 1/3–1/4 of PPSU |
| Typical Applications | High-end maternal and infant feeding bottles/breast pumps, reusable surgical instruments and sterilization trays, ventilator humidification bottles, dental components, aircraft interior fittings | Conventional medical parts, water treatment membranes/filters, food processing parts, electronic connectors |
One sentence for material selection: Choose PPSU for repeated steam sterilization and high impact resistance; choose PSU for about 150 ℃, cost-effectiveness, water treatment, and conventional transparent parts.
2 Application Areas and Specific Products
2.1 Mother and Infant (Table 1)
PPSU is one of the mainstream materials for high-end baby bottles, free of bisphenol A, and resistant to boiling and steam sterilization. Table 1 lists typical products in the maternal and infant field and their material selection characteristics.
| Serial Number | Specific product | Material Selection Characteristics |
|---|
| One | High-end PPSU baby bottle | BPA-free, boil/steam sterilization resistant, amber transparent; compliant with T/ZZB 2152-2021 group standard (no recycled material in the bottle body) |
| Two | Breast Pump Components/Shield | Resistant to repeated disinfection, highly flexible, compatible with silicone accessories |
| Three | Training cup / Children's water cup | Drop-resistant, steam-cook resistant, lightweight |
Note: Bottle-grade recycled material is subject to the T/ZZB 2152-2021 group standard 'Bottle Body Strictly Prohibits the Use of Recycled Material.' PCR bottle-grade recycled material can only be used in non-food/non-infant scenarios.
2.2 Medical (Table 2)
In the medical field, PPSU is valued for its resistance to thousands of steam sterilizations and its biocompatibility (ISO 10993, USP Class VI). Table 2 lists typical medical products.
| Serial Number | Specific product | Material Selection Characteristics |
|---|
| One | Reusable surgical instruments/handles | Withstands thousands of steam sterilizations, maintaining strength and toughness |
| Two | Sterilization tray/sterilization box | 134 ℃ high-pressure repeated sterilization, dimensionally stable |
| Three | Ventilator humidifier bottle/component | Heat-resistant hydrolysis, steam-resistant |
| Four | Insulin pen components | Biocompatible, high dimensional accuracy |
| Five | Dental Instruments/Blood Dialysis Components | Disinfection-resistant, chemical reagent-resistant |
Note: Reusable medical parts usually prohibit the use of recycled materials by regulations; recycled PPSU is only used for non-transparent industrial parts.
2.3 Food Contact Water Treatment (Table 3)
The food contact end complies with FDA 21 CFR 177.1560 (polyarylsulfone resin) and China's GB 4806.6-2016. Table 3 lists typical products for food contact and water treatment.
| Serial Number | Specific product | Material Selection Characteristics |
|---|
| One | Coffee machine components | High-temperature resistant hot water, hydrolysis resistant |
| Two | Microwave tableware/heat-resistant utensils | Microwave-safe, transparent |
| Three | Food Processing Equipment Components | Resistant to steaming and cleaning agents |
| Four | Water purifier membrane housing/inner parts, fluid transmission parts | Heat-resistant hydrolysis, chlorine-resistant (whether PPSU is listed in NSF 61 for drinking water needs to be verified) |
2.4 Aerospace Electronics and Semiconductors (Table 4)
The aerospace sector values inherent flame retardancy V-0 and light weight; the electronic semiconductor sector values high temperature resistance and dielectric stability. Table 4 lists typical products.
| Serial Number | field | Specific product | Material Selection Characteristics |
|---|
| One | Aviation | Aircraft interior parts, airline catering cart components | Intrinsic flame retardant V-0, lightweight, resistant to crew disinfection |
| Two | electron | Connectors, sensors | High temperature resistant, dielectric stable, low moisture absorption |
| Three | Semiconductor | Semiconductor test socket, chip burn-in socket | High temperature resistance, dimensional stability, low CTI requirement |
3 Industry Classification System
GB/T 40006 (recycled plastic series) does not have a PPSU special item as of this summary. Recycled PPSU is temporarily implemented according to the framework of GB/T 40006.1 "General Rules". Specific grade acceptance depends on the standards/factory inspections of both supplier and buyer enterprises (it is recommended to verify the latest version in the public system of the National Standardization Committee). PPSU materials themselves do not have an independent national standard/industry standard grade system. The industry common grading and original grade system are shown in the table below (Table 5).
| Grading Dimension | Specific grade / designation | Explanation |
|---|
| Current Standard | GB/T 40006.1 'General Rules' | No PPSU special project, acceptance according to the general rules framework and enterprise standards |
| By purity | Special Grade / First Grade / Second Grade | Special grade and first grade are single-grade PIR sprue material; second grade is mixed or slightly contaminated |
| According to the processing technology | Injection molding grade / Extrusion grade | Injection molding grade has high fluidity; extrusion grade is used for rods/plates/profiles |
| By modification | Pure resin / Glass fiber reinforced | Pure resin maintains high transparency and high toughness; glass fiber reinforcement improves rigidity and heat resistance |
| By color | Black / Transparent natural color / Dyed | Transparent natural-grade is scarce and expensive |
| Original grade (Solvay) | Radel R-5000/5100/5500/5800/5900 | General Transparent / Colored / Extrusion / High-Flow Transparent |
| Original grade (BASF) | Ultrason P3010 / P2010 | P = PPSU, distinguished from S = PSU, E = PESU |
4 Performance Indicators
4.1 Comparison of Native and Regenerated
Table 6 shows the typical physical properties of native Radel R-5000.
| Indicator | Typical value | Test Method/Condition |
|---|
| Density | 1.29 g/cm³ | ASTM D792 |
| Glass transition temperature Tg | 220 ℃ | DSC / ASTM D3418 |
| Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) | 207 ℃ (1.8 MPa) | ASTM D648 |
| Continuous use temperature | About 180°C (short-term about 200°C) | — |
| Tensile Strength | Approximately 70–80 MPa | ASTM D638 |
| Tensile Modulus | approximately 2.3–2.5 GPa | ASTM D638 |
| Bending modulus | About 2410 MPa | ASTM D790 |
| Bending strength | About 91 MPa | ASTM D790 |
| Notch Izod Impact | About 690 J/m | ASTM D256 |
| MFR | 14–20 g/10min (365 ℃/5.0 kg) | ASTM D1238 |
| UL94 flame retardant | V-0 (up to 0.8 mm wall thickness), inherently flame retardant | UL94 |
| Water absorption rate | About 0.37% | ASTM D570 |
| Molding shrinkage rate | Approximately 0.70% (flow direction) | ASTM D955 |
Table 7 shows the comparison of key indicators between virgin and recycled PPSU.
| Indicator | Original Radel R-5000 | Recycled rPPSU | Direction of change |
|---|
| Gap Shock | Approximately 690 J/m | Decline | ↓ (Most Sensitive Indicator) |
| MFR | 14–20 g/10min | Increase (molecular weight decrease) | ↑ |
| Transparency/Color Difference | Amber transparent | Yellowing, increase in ΔE | ↓ |
| Tensile/Bending Strength | Benchmark | Relatively stable, slight changes | ↓/≈ |
| UL94 flame retardant | V-0 @0.8mm | Basically maintain | ≈ |
Table 8 provides a qualitative description of performance changes after regeneration and the mechanisms.
| Performance items | Changes after regeneration | Explanation/Mechanism |
|---|
| Impact toughness | The most obvious decline | Multiple cycles of thermal history breakages, increased chain ends, gap impact reduction is greater than tensile/bending |
| Yellowing / Color difference | Transparency decreases, ΔE increases | Sulfonyl aromatic rings generate carbonyl chromophores during high-temperature thermo-oxidative aging; sensitive to UVC, UVC disinfection is prohibited |
| Molecular Weight / MFR | Decrease in molecular weight, increase in MFR | At a processing window of 340–390 ℃, the melt breaks each time, requiring reactive extrusion chain extension for recovery. |
| Tensile/Bending Strength | Relatively stable | Online, the 'regeneration reduction of 15–30%' mostly comes from GFR-PPS (glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide) data and cannot be applied to PPSU. |
| Mixing ratio | Industrial/general consumption can mix 20–25% regrind | Medical reusable components are prohibited from being mixed with reclaimed material due to traceability and biocompatibility regulations |
| Cleaning effect | After cleaning, the mechanical properties can be close to the original. | After cleaning with 5% acetic acid or commercial soap solution, it is melt-extruded, and its mechanical properties are comparable to virgin material and better than unwashed material. |
4.2 Classification by Use and Modification
Table 9 shows the classification of recycled PPSU by application and modification direction.
| Grading direction | Typical specifications | Performance/Processing Characteristics | Typical Applications |
|---|
| Injection molded pure resin (black) | Black granulation | Good liquidity, black covers color differences and contamination | General industrial structural parts, non-transparent parts |
| Injection molding transparent grade | Natural Amber PIR Water Mouth Granulation | Maintain transparency, high price, and scarcity | Non-food items with requirements for appearance/transparency |
| Extrusion grade | R-5500 Rod/Plate Regeneration | Higher molecular weight, extrusion stable | Plates, bars, and profiles |
| Glass fiber reinforced | GF 20–30% | Increased rigidity, improved HDT, decreased toughness | High-temperature resistant structural components and connector frameworks |
5 Color System
Native PPSU is naturally amber-colored and transparent, and it can be colored. In the recycled market, it is graded according to color and quality: black can cover color differences and contamination, making it the mainstream low-price grade; transparent original color is rare and expensive because yellowing is irreversible. Mechanism of discoloration: repeated high-temperature processing accumulates sulfone group thermal-oxidative aging, forming carbonyl chromophores that cause yellowing; PPSU is sensitive to UVC ultraviolet light, so UVC disinfection is prohibited. Table 10 shows the color and price grading.
| Color/Grade | Price quotation (CNY/ton) | Grade | Characteristics |
|---|
| Black Recycled PPSU | 29000 | Black granulation | Black color covers color differences and contamination, used for non-transparent structural parts, at a lower price |
| Unlabeled Color/Mixed Color | 52000 | Granules of relatively good quality | The grade is relatively pure; the original quotation did not indicate the color, pending verification |
| Baby bottle crushing transparent material | 50,000 | PIR Transparent Crushing/Granulation | Natural amber is transparent and scarce, thus expensive; only cleaning the PIR sprue can maintain transparency. |
Reason for the scarcity of transparent grade: once transparent natural material undergoes thermal-oxidative aging, it turns yellow, and the yellowing is irreversible, immediately losing its value for transparent applications; only clean PIR sprue material can maintain transparency, so the supply of transparent natural recycled material is limited.
6 Market and Trend Overview
6.1 Market Size and Competitive Landscape
The global PPSU market (PPSU-specific scope) is approximately USD 400–500 million (about USD 416 million in 2024), with a projected CAGR of around 6–8%. Different research institutions have inconsistent scopes (PPSU-specific versus polyphenylsulfone family PSU, PES, PPSU are often reported together; individual institutions reporting USD 2.79 billion may refer to the polyphenylsulfone family scope). When referencing externally, it is recommended to use the PPSU-specific scope and note the differences in institutional scopes. The competitive landscape is a duopoly of Solvay (which has spun off its high-performance plastics business into Syensqo, Radel®) and BASF (Ultrason® P/S/E).
China's Production Capacity: Kingfa Technology's PES/PPSU facility with an annual output of 6,000 tons has been commissioned; Wotco Co., Ltd. has a 10,000-ton level PSU/PPSU capacity platform; Zhongyan Co., Ltd. announced in 2026 plans to expand polysulfone production capacity by about 10 times and to deploy an integrated upstream monomer line; additionally, Youju New Materials, Haoran Special Plastics, and Fuhai Group are under construction. The annual output of recycled PPSU has no public statistics; it is a niche market with supplies concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta/Pearl River Delta maternal and infant and medical injection molding industrial belts.
6.2 Price
Virgin PPSU: Imported Radel original food/medical grade is about 150,000–250,000 CNY/ton, domestic and secondary brand food grade is about 80,000–130,000 CNY/ton (Note: not 200,000–300,000 CNY/ton). Recycled PPSU: The quoted range this time is 29,000–52,000 CNY/ton, about 3–5 times cheaper than the imported virgin price. Reasons for the price difference: ① Scarcity of transparent-grade recycled material; ② Cost of grade sorting (PPSU and PES/PEI/PSU are all amber transparent with similar density, requiring FTIR identification); ③ Traceability discount due to prohibition of recycled material in medical/food grade; ④ Reduced impact toughness limits usage.
6.3 2026-09-11 Quotation Details (3 items, total purchasable quantity 22 tons)
Table 11 is the sample data of the quotation on 2026-09-11, with a total of 3 entries and a total purchasable quantity of 22 tons.
| Serial Number | Product Name/Specification | Price (CNY/ton) | Purchasable Quantity (tons) | Grade/Color |
|---|
| One | Black recycled PPSU granules | 29000 | Ten | black |
| Two | PPSU recycled granules (color not indicated in the original quotation) | 52000 | Seven | Color to be verified |
| Three | PPSU baby bottle crushing transparent material | 50,000 | Five | Natural Transparent Color |
| Total | — | — | Twenty Two | — |
Note: Item 2 'PPSU 52000' in the original quotation lacks a color specification and needs to be verified. Data source: Quotation on 2026-09-11 (sample data).
6.4 PPSU / PSU Comparison (Table 12)
From the perspective of selection decision-making, compare PPSU and PSU again to facilitate downstream users in quickly choosing based on heat resistance, sterilization lifespan, and budget.
| Dimension | PPSU (Polyphenylsulfone) | PSU (Bisphenol A type polysulfone) |
|---|
| Representative brand/trademark | Solvay Radel® R; BASF Ultrason® P | Solvay Udel®; BASF Ultrason® S |
| Tg / HDT | 220 ℃ / 207 ℃ | About 185°C / about 174°C |
| Long-term continuous use temperature | About 180 ℃ | About 150 ℃ |
| Repeated steam sterilization | Official 500 times, downstream promotion more than a thousand times | on the order of a hundred times |
| Notch impact toughness | About 690 J/m, close to PC | Significantly lower |
| native price scale | Imported 150,000–250,000 / Domestic 80,000–130,000 (yuan/ton) | About 1/3–1/4 of PPSU |
| Typical Applications | High-end maternal and infant products, reusable medical, aircraft interiors | Conventional medical care, water treatment, electronic connectors |
6.5 Policies and Regulations
U.S. FDA Food Contact: 21 CFR 177.1560 "Polyarylsulfone resins" (聚芳砜树脂, CAS 79293-56-4) are permitted for use in food contact articles. China Food Contact: Basic standard GB 4806.6-2016 "Plastic Resins for Food Contact"; for baby bottles, there is a group standard T/ZZB 2152-2021 "PPSU Baby Bottles," which specifies that the bottle body must be made of polyarylsulfone resin, comply with GB 4806.6, and strictly prohibits the use of recycled materials.
Ministry of Health 2011 Announcement No. 23: The captured text contains the wording 'The usage temperature should be below 121℃ and cannot be used for manufacturing infant food containers,' but this statement conflicts with the fact that PPSU baby bottles have been legally circulated in China for more than a decade. Judgment: This restriction in the 2011 announcement table is more likely attributed to entries for BPA-type PSU or PC, and the text captured by search engines may have misaligned table rows; PPSU does not contain BPA and uses bisphenol S as a monomer, making it a compliant alternative to PC baby bottles. [To be verified: It is necessary to review the original 2011 Announcement No. 23 table row by row to check the remarks for PPSU/PSU/PC.]
EU: EU 10/2011 Food Contact Plastics Framework; ELV/WEEE General Recycling Framework. Recycled Content Certification: GRS / ISCC PLUS / UL 2809, trade of recycled PPSU requires GRS traceability and recycled content declaration.
6.6 Emission Reduction Data
Currently, there is no publicly available LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) data specifically for PPSU. This compilation does not fabricate emission reduction figures and only provides honest notation: the emission reduction benefits of recycled PPSU compared to virgin material need to rely on recycled content certification such as GRS/ISCC PLUS/UL 2809 and actual measurement of specific grades; downstream, if a carbon footprint declaration is required, a third-party verified LCA report should be requested from the supplier.
6.7 Southeast Asia Import Channels and Material Source Background
Tariff framework: Under RCEP, China will gradually implement zero tariffs with ASEAN members such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia. Recycled plastic pellets are imported under HS code 3915, and attention must be paid to the import ban on 'waste plastics' and the access boundary for 'recycled pellets' (China has port inspection requirements regarding environmental approval from the source country, contaminants, radioactivity, etc.).
Supply Characteristics: Southeast Asia has taken on a large amount of China’s transferred production capacity for mother-and-baby injection molding and electronics OEMs. Its PIR sprue/runners are crushed and pelletized by local Chinese-funded recycling plants and then returned; high-end transparent PPSU recycled material in Southeast Asia mainly comes from by-products of such industrial transfers. Data Availability: There is no specific customs trade data for PPSU recycled material (HS 3915 does not subdivide into PPSU grades). The sources of specialty PPSU in Southeast Asia are mainly described qualitatively, with no public trade statistics. [To be verified]
7 Article Writing Entry Suggestions
Around recycled PPSU, the following six series articles can be planned, each providing a theme and entry point:
| Serial Number | Series of article topics | Entry point |
|---|
| One | What is recycled PPSU: a high-end sulfone that is 60–80% cheaper than virgin material | Definition Radel R/Ultrason P grade system Cognitive correction (HDT measured 207°C, Tg 220°C) |
| Two | PPSU or PSU? A chart to distinguish the high-end and entry-level of the polysulfone family | PPSU vs PSU Comparison: Decision-making for Selection Based on Temperature Resistance/Sterilization Lifespan/Budget |
| Three | Applications of recycled PPSU: five major scenarios including maternal and infant, medical, food, aviation, and electronics | Breakdown of application areas: clarify which scenarios can use recycled materials and which are prohibited by regulations |
| Four | Why Is Recycled PPSU Cheaper in Black and More Expensive in Transparent? The Truth About Color and Price Stratification | Color system Yellowing mechanism (carbonyl chromophore) Reasons for the scarcity of transparent grades |
| Five | How much will the performance of recycled PPSU decrease? Impact toughness is the most sensitive to reduction. | Changes in performance between virgin and recycled materials Adjustment (GFR-PPS '15–30% reduction' cannot be applied) Blending ratio |
| Six | Where does the recycled PPSU material come from? Southeast Asia PIR sprue material and RCEP import channels | Material sources FTIR sorting challenges Southeast Asian channels and compliance boundaries |
8 References
[1] Solvay/Syensqo Radel® R-5000 Design Guide and the official physical property sheet (Tg 220 ℃, HDT 207 ℃, MFR 365 ℃/5.0 kg, UL94 V-0 @0.8 mm). [Online verification]
[2] Solvay 'Radel R-5000 Shelf Life and Sterilization Study' (No significant degradation after 500 steam sterilization cycles; the claim of a thousand cycles is used in downstream promotion). [Online verification]
[3] U.S. eCFR 21 CFR 177.1560 Polyarylsulfone resins (Polyarylsulfone resins, CAS 79293-56-4) original text. [Online verification]
[4] GB 4806.6-2016 "Plastic Resins for Food Contact"; T/ZZB 2152-2021 "PPSU Baby Bottles" Group Standard (recycled material is strictly prohibited for the bottle body). [Online verification]
[5] Regenerated PPSU Quotation (2026-09-11, a total of 3 items, total purchasable quantity 22 tons; the color marking of item 2 needs to be verified). [Quotation sample data]
[6] China Production Capacity: Kingfa Technology PES/PPSU 6,000 tons, WOTE Co., Ltd. 10,000-ton PSU/PPSU, Zhongyan Co., Ltd. expands production about 10 times (announcements of listed companies/financial media reports). [Online Verification]
[7] Global market size: Credence Research 2024 USD 416 million (PPSU specific). [Online verification]; Verified Market Reports USD 2.79 billion, etc., possibly under the polysulfone family scope. [Report scope to be verified]
Accurate attribution of PPSU/PSU/PC item notes in Ministry of Health Announcement No. 23 of 2011. [To be verified]
[9] Regeneration performance changes: ACS Sustainable Res. Mgmt. 2025 washing study; Patsnap recycling technology review (150 ℃/4 h drying, reactive extrusion chain extension). [Online verification]
[10] Actual annual production of recycled PPSU, practical zero tariff for Southeast Asia HS 3915, whether PPSU is listed under NSF 61 for drinking water. [No public statistics/to be verified]
[11] Cognitive correction: 'After regeneration, tensile/flexural strength decreases by 15–30%' comes from literature on GFR-PPS (glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide) and cannot be applied to PPSU; for PPSU, impact toughness is the most sensitive to reduction after regeneration. [Cognitive correction]
