同样叫再生PSU，黑色料一万八一吨，S-100透明料五万五一吨，摆在料袋上都印着再生PSU四个字，买回去的东西完全不是一回事。
一吨差三万七。差在哪？等级。
做医疗连接器的、做水处理膜壳的、做半导体测试插座的，嘴上都说自己用的是再生PSU，有人拿S-100透明料顶新料做高要求件，有人拿普通黑料压成看不见的非外观结构件。
更坑的是，这行连国标专项都还没有。GB/T 40006系列发了PE、PP、ABS、PS、PC、PMMA、PBT，偏偏漏了PSU这一册。再生PSU目前只能套着GB/T 40006.1通则走，没有自己的暗号。
没有国标兜底，等级全靠行业自己口口相传。分不清等级就下单，跟闭着眼睛扫货没区别。这篇把再生PSU的分级江湖拆开揉碎，看完至少不会当韭菜。
先说清楚PSU是什么。聚砜，双酚A型，非晶性透明特种工程塑料，主链上挂着砜基，密度约1.24，连续使用温度约150℃，天生就是干耐高温、耐水解的活。
正因为它定位高端，再生料才显得金贵——原生PSU聚合能耗高、链条长，回收一吨比新做一吨省的不是一星半点。
但再生PSU的分级，目前没有自己的国标分册。翻遍GB/T 40006系列，.1是通则，.2 PE、.3 PP、.5 ABS、.6 PS、.7 PC、.12 PMMA，就是没有PSU那一册。配套的色差测定标准GB/T 46442倒是出了，但品级怎么分、门槛在哪，还得靠行业自己定。
所以行业只能按四个维度自己玩：品级、成型方向、改性方向、颜色。
这四个维度，说白了就是四把尺子——干净到什么程度、能用什么工艺做、往哪个方向改性、什么颜色。四把尺子量出来的等级，才是报价单上一万八和五万五的差距来源。
品级是进门头一道筛子
报价单上打头的，不是颜色，是一级和特级。
黑色一级一万八一吨，黑色优质特级一万九——差一千块，听着不多，但你品你细品：特级料意味着料次更少、杂质更低，能做的活往上走一档。
这个一级、特级不是PSU独有的规矩，是再生塑料行业通用的纯度分级惯例——行业一般惯例一级料灰分压在1%以内，特级更严。灰分是什么？是烧完剩下的无机杂质，包括残留填料、泥沙、异种塑料残渣。灰分越低，料越纯，能做的活越高端。
为什么黑色特级只比一级贵一千？因为黑色本身就能盖住杂质，一级和特级的差距在黑色件上看不出来。但一旦你往透明、本色方向走，品级差带来的色差和杂质就藏不住了——透明件表面一个小黑点，客户直接退货。
你拿一级普通黑去做外观件，做出来表面全是小黑点；拿特级料去做低端结构件，又是把好钢用在了刀把上。
所以看报价单，别只看价格，先问清楚是一级还是特级——黑色件差一千无所谓，透明本色件差一个品级，就是成品率的天壤之别。
注塑挤出膜，两条道别串
品级定了干不干净，成型方向定了这料能不能进你的机台。
再生PSU按成型方向分两条主力赛道：注塑级和挤出膜级。两条道上的料，分子量、熔指、黏度要求完全是两路人。
注塑级是主力，熔指适中、流动性好，做耐高温连接器、医疗部件、手术器械托盘，薄壁件都靠它充填。挤出膜级要求分子量高、熔体强度够，才能拉成中空纤维膜和平板膜——膜级料的分子量Mw要求在67到81k之间，比注塑级高一截。
这两条道，新和成、优巨新材等国产厂都有覆盖。原生料里你想找全两个级别，选择不算少；再生料里想找同时懂注塑和膜级的供应商，就不多了。
用途选错，料再纯也是白搭——拿膜级高粘料去打薄壁连接器，充不满模；拿注塑级低粘料去拉膜，一拉就断。
改性方向，一吨差出一万
纯树脂只是起点。真正把一吨料的价格拉开的，是改性方向。
报价单上这一串你得看懂：纯树脂透明料五万五一吨；增强20%玻纤GF报两万八——加了玻纤把刚性和尺寸稳定性提上去，做连接器骨架、结构件；碳纤导电级加碳纤或碳黑降表面电阻，做需要抗静电的电子件；矿物填充级加矿物粉压收缩率，做高精度件；还有耐磨级加PTFE，做需要自润滑的部件。
同样是再生PSU，纯透明料卖五万五，掺了玻纤做GF20%报两万八，黑色纯树脂一万八。改性方向一换，一吨差几千上万，干的活也完全不一样。
这里有个容易被忽略的点：玻纤增强PSU回收后，玻纤在破碎和挤出过程中受剪切会变短，纤维长度分布下降，增强效果逐次衰减。要恢复增强效果，得补纤——重新补入短玻纤，让力学性能回到目标区间。不补纤直接用，打出来的件刚性比原生GF20%差一截，做受力件就心虚。
苏州有家做半导体测试插座的厂，之前从国内小作坊拼料，号称都是GF20%增强，结果每批玻纤含量从15%飘到26%，注塑出来的插座骨架尺寸批间差12%，和测试探针的配合间隙时大时小，客户上机后接触不稳定，退货率6%。后来宁波市科隆新材料有限公司从东南亚多国直采PSU增强级PIR料源，泰国电子厂和马来西亚半导体厂的接插件边角料走固定渠道回来，每批补纤量和玻纤含量都有检测报告，玻纤含量从波动15%到26%收到20%±1%，退货率从6%降到0.5%以下，良率拉到96%。
说白了，多国直采不是营销词——料源固定了，每车料的玻纤含量才不会像开盲盒。批次可控、品级稳定、补纤量精准，这三个词落到量产线上，就是测试插座不用反复调机。
S-100和Udel，牌号里有密码
报价单上除了品级和改性方向，还有一串代号你得看懂：S-100。
S-100是再生PSU市场的通用品级代号——S对应PSU/砜类，100是纯度/品级序列。S-100透明五万五一吨，S-100W四万五一吨。差一个W，一吨差一万。W是什么？是偏白不透明的品级，S-100透明是真正能透光的品级。
那原生料的牌号怎么参照？Solvay的Udel P-1700是通用注塑级标杆，BASF的Ultrason S2010是低粘注塑/挤出级，国产优巨新材的Paryls F3150是国产主力。再生料做选型时，拿这些原生牌号的TDS当性能参照，比听供应商嘴说靠谱得多。
这里有个坑必须踩醒你：1140这种牌号，别往PSU上套。1140是PPS的GF40代号，跟PSU没有半点关系。PSU的原生牌号是P-1700、S2010、F3150这一路数。拿PPS的牌号体系去套PSU的报价单，就像拿汽油车的标号去加柴油——不是一回事。
四个颜色方向，一句话讲清
透明级：琥珀本色透光，分选纯度要求较高，价格偏贵，做需要透明可视的医疗和食品接触件。
本色级：偏黄偏棕的本色，不要求高透明但要求颜色均匀，做医疗部件外壳、工业结构件。
黑色级：最便宜的一档，黑色遮盖杂质，做对外观无要求的结构件、连接器底座。
着色级：军绿、钛白、红灰等定制色，来自原生着色工业件回收，性能稳定但颜色锁定，只能做同色制品。
写在最后：七条选料口诀
1. 问品级：一级灰分约1%以内，特级更纯，透明本色件务必选特级；
2. 问用途：注塑级做连接器医疗件，挤出膜级做中空纤维膜，别串道；
3. 问改性：纯树脂、GF增强、碳纤导电、矿物填充、耐磨，方向决定身价；
4. 问牌号：S-100透明是再生高品级代号，原生参照Udel P-1700和Ultrason S2010；
5. 问颜色：透明最贵黑色最便宜，着色级颜色锁定不能换色；
6. 问补纤：GF增强回收后纤维变短，问清楚补纤量和玻纤含量；
7. 问批次：敢不敢给每批检测报告，不敢给的就小心。
写在最后：再生PSU的等级，本质是品级、成型方向、改性方向和颜色的标价。国标还没出专项分册，行业自己玩出来的这套江湖规矩，你不学会，就只能替别人的学费买单。宁波市科隆新材料有限公司做再生PSU分级和改性多年，料源从东南亚多国直采，批次可控、品级稳定，S-100透明料源精准，说白了就是帮你把每一批料的品级在下单前就锁定。
Both are called recycled PSUs, black material costs 18,000 per ton, S-100 transparent material is 55,000 per ton, and the material bags all have the words 'recycled PSU' printed on them. The things you buy are completely different.
One ton is 37,000 yuan difference. What's the difference? Grade.
Those who make medical connectors, water treatment membrane shells, semiconductor test sockets, all claim to use recycled PSUs. Some use S-100 transparent material as new material for high-demand parts, while others use ordinary black material to make invisible non-structural parts.
What's even more frustrating is that this industry doesn't even have a national standard specialization yet. The GB/T 40006 series includes PE, PP, ABS, PS, PC, PMMA, PBT, but unfortunately, the PSU volume is omitted. Currently, recycled PSUs can only be sold under GB/T 40006.1 as a general rule, without their own secret code.
No national standard as a backup, grades are all passed around by word of mouth within the industry. Ordering without distinguishing grades is no different from blindly buying stock. This article breaks down the grading world of recycled PSUs, so at least after reading it, you won't be treated like chives.
First, clarify what a PSU is. Polysulfone, bisphenol type A, an amorphous transparent special engineering plastic, with sulfone groups attached to the main chain, density about 1.24, continuous use temperature around 150°C, naturally designed for high-temperature and hydrolysis-resistant work.
Precisely because it's positioned as high-end, recycled materials are so precious—native PSU polymerization has high energy consumption and long chains, so recycling a ton saves a ton more than making a ton of new ones.
But for recycled PSU grading, there's currently no national standard volume. Looking through the GB/T 40006 series, .1 is the general rule, .2 PE, .3 PP, .5 ABS, .6 PS, .7 PC, .12 PMMA—but there's no PSU volume. The matching color difference measurement standard GB/T 46442 has been released, but how grades are divided and where the threshold is—still depends on the industry itself.
So the industry can only play by four dimensions: grade, molding direction, modification direction, and color.
These four dimensions basically mean four rulers—how clean they are, what techniques can be used, which direction to modify, and what color. The grades measured by these four rulers are the real source of the difference between 18,000 and 55,000 on the quoted sheet.
Grade is the first sieve at the door .
What is marked on the quotation sheet isn't color, but first grade and premium grade.
Black grade 18,000 per ton, black premium premium 19,000 yuan—a 1,000 yuan difference, not much, but if you think about it: premium grade means fewer grades, lower impurities, and a higher level of work.
This first-grade and premium grade is not a unique PSU rule; it is a common purity grading convention in the recycled plastics industry—the industry standard is that first-grade material ash is kept below 1%, and premium grade is stricter. What is ash? It refers to inorganic impurities left after burning, including residual filler, mud, and distinctive plastic residues. The lower the ash, the purer the material, and the more advanced the work.
Why is black premium only 1,000 yuan more expensive than first-grade? Because black can cover up impurities, and the difference between first-grade and premium parts is not obvious on black parts. But once you go toward transparency and natural color, the color differences and impurities caused by grade differences can't be hidden—a small black spot on the surface of a transparent part can be returned directly by the customer.
You use first-grade ordinary black to make exterior parts, and the surface is covered in tiny black spots; You use premium material for low-end structural parts, and you use good steel for the tool handle.
So when looking at the quotation, don't just look at the price—first ask whether it's first-grade or premium—a thousand different grades for black parts doesn't matter, but for transparent natural parts, a grade difference is worlds apart in yield.
Injection-molded extrusion film, two different paths in a series
Whether the grade is set and the molding direction determines whether the material can enter your machine.
Recycled PSUs are divided into two main tracks based on molding direction: injection grade and extruded film grade. The materials on these two lines have completely different requirements for molecular weight, melting index, and viscosity.
Injection molding grade is the main force, with moderate melt index and good flowability. Used for high-temperature resistant connectors, medical components, surgical instrument trays, and thin-walled parts all rely on it. Extruded film grade requires high molecular weight and sufficient melt strength to stretch hollow fiber films and flat films—the molecular weight Mw of film-grade material is between 67 and 81k, which is significantly higher than injection molding grade.
These two paths are covered by domestic manufacturers like Xinhecheng and Youju New Materials. For virgin materials, if you want to find both grades, there are plenty of choices; For recycled materials, if you want suppliers who understand both injection molding and film grade, there aren't many options.
Choosing the wrong purpose means no matter how pure the material, it's useless—using film-grade high-viscosity material to fit thin-walled connectors won't fill the mold; Using injection-molded grade low-viscosity material to pull the film, it breaks with a single pull.
Modification direction, a 10,000 yuan difference per ton
Pure resin is just the starting point. What really pulls the price difference per ton is the modification direction.
You need to understand this string on the quotation: pure resin transparent material 55,000 yuan per ton; 20% reinforced glass fiber GF quoted at 28,000 — adding glass fiber to improve rigidity and dimensional stability is used for connector frames and structural parts; carbon fiber conductive grade with carbon fiber or carbon black to reduce surface resistance is used to make electronic components requiring static resistance; mineral-filled grade with mineral crushing shrinkage rate to make high-precision parts; and wear-resistant grade with PTFE to make parts requiring self-lubrication.
Also recycled PSU, pure transparent material sells for 55,000 yuan, blended with glass fiber to make GF 20% at 28,000 yuan, black pure resin 18,000 yuan. If you change the modification direction, the price per ton can be thousands or even tens of thousands, and the work is completely different.
There's an easily overlooked point here: after glass fiber reinforced PSU is recycled, the shear on glass fiber shortens during crushing and extrusion, fiber length distribution decreases, and the reinforcement effect gradually diminishes. To restore the reinforcement effect, fiber repair is necessary—refill short glass fibers to bring mechanical properties back to the target range. If you don't use fiber repair directly, the parts produced have 20% less rigidity than virgin GF, making them feel guilty as load-bearing parts.
Suzhou has a factory that makes semiconductor test sockets. Previously, they sourced materials from small domestic workshops, claiming to be GF20% reinforced. As a result, each batch had glass fiber content fluctuating from 15% to 26%. The injected socket frame size varied by 12%, and the gap between the socket and test probe fit fluctuated between large and small sizes. After customers installed the device, contact was unstable, and the return rate was 6%. Later, Ningbo Kelong New Materials Co., Ltd. directly sourced PSU reinforced PIR materials from multiple Southeast Asian countries. Connector scraps from Thai electronics factories and Malaysian semiconductor factories were brought back through fixed channels. Each batch had test reports for fiber supplementation and glass fiber content. The fiber content fluctuated from 15% to 26%, reaching 20% ±1%, and the return rate dropped from 6% to below 0.5%, with yield rising to 96%.
To put it simply, multi-country direct sourcing isn't marketing slang—when the source is fixed, the fiberglass content per car won't feel like a blind box. Batch controllability, stable grade, and precise fiber supplementation—these three words on the mass production line mean the test socket doesn't require repeated machine adjustments.
S-100 and Udel, the grades have passwords in the
quotation sheet, besides grade and modification direction, there's a code you need to understand: S-100.
S-100 is the generic grade code for the recycled PSU market—S corresponds to PSU/sulfone, 100 is purity/grade sequence. S-100 transparent is 55,000 per ton, S-100W is 45,000 per ton. One W difference, ten thousand per ton. What is W? It's a grade that is slightly white and opaque, while S-100 transparent is a grade that truly transmits light.
So how do you refer to the grade of virgin material? Solvay's Udel P-1700 is the benchmark for general injection molding, BASF's Ultrason S2010 is low-viscosity injection/extrusion grade, and the domestic Paryls F3150 is the mainstay of domestic products. When selecting recycled materials, using these original TDS grades as performance references is much more reliable than listening to suppliers.
There's a pitfall here you need to wake up: don't apply a grade like 1140 to the PSU. 1140 is the GF40 code for PPS, and has nothing to do with the PSU. The native PSU grades are P-1700, S2010, F3150. Using the PPS grade system to fit the PSU quotation sheet is like using a gasoline car's grade to add diesel—it's not the same thing
Four color directions, explained in one sentence
Transparent grade: Amber's natural color is translucent, requires high sorting purity, is relatively expensive, used for medical and food contact parts requiring transparency and visibility.
Natural color grade: Natural color with a yellowish or brown tendencies, does not require high transparency but requires uniform color, used for medical component shells and industrial structural parts.
Black grade: The cheapest tier, black covers impurities, suitable for structural parts and connector bases without appearance requirements.
Coloring grade: Army green, titanium white, red-gray and other custom colors, recycled from original colored industrial parts, stable performance but color locked, can only be made for products of the same color.
Final note: Seven material selection tips
1. Grade inquiry: Grade 1 ash content is about 1% or less, premium grade is purer, transparent natural color parts must be premium grade;
2. Ask about uses: injection molding grade for connector medical devices, extrusion film grade for hollow fiber film, no channel crossing;
3. Question modification: pure resin, GF reinforcement, carbon fiber conductivity, mineral filling, wear resistance; direction determines price;
4. Grade inquiry: S-100 transparent is the code for recycled high-grade materials, native reference Udel P-1700 and Ultrason S2010;
5. Ask about color: transparent is the most expensive, black is cheapest, color lock for coloring grades and cannot be changed;
6. Ask about fiber supplementation: After GF reinforcement is recycled, fibers become shorter; ask clearly about the amount of supplemented fiber and glass fiber content;
7. Ask about batches: Do you dare to provide test reports for each batch? If you don't, be cautious.
Final note: The grade of recycled PSUs essentially refers to grade, molding direction, modification direction, and color pricing. The national standard hasn't released a special volume yet; this set of industry rules is just a game of self-made rules. If you don't learn it, you'll have to pay for others' tuition. Ningbo Kelong New Materials Co., Ltd. has been classifying and modifying recycled PSUs for many years. They source materials directly from multiple Southeast Asian countries, with controllable batch sizes and stable grades. The S-100 transparent source is precise—in short, it helps you lock in the grade of each batch before placing an order
