塑料改性助剂大全:20类助剂一张速查表,0.1%到30%的添加量里藏着材料的寿命和成本

塑料知识科普 发布时间: 2026-09-14 2077 阅读

At the end-of-year accounting, the owner of a medium-sized modified materials factory stared blankly at the reports—additives only account for 3% of raw material costs, but returns, rework, and customer complaints caused by improper additive selection ate up about 15% of the annual net profit. Adding 0.05% too little antioxidant caused yellowing, choosing the wrong flame retardant system failed UL certification, insufficient compatibilizer caused alloy delamination... each small expense led to big trouble.

Additives are to plastics what MSG is to soup—a little goes a long way, but without it, it's bland.

Only by looking at the whole picture of additives can one understand where the key lies. Ningbo Kolon New Materials Co., Ltd. has long been engaged in various plastic additives and modified raw materials, covering multiple domestic and international brands, with grades and batch information subject to the actual supply channels.

Index of All 20 Types of Additives: From Antioxidants to Deodorants, See It All on One Map

Below is the complete list of 20 types of additives, arranged according to functional logic: first 'Protection' (anti-aging, processing stabilization), then 'Modification' (rheology modification, interface modification, appearance modification), and finally 'Special' (flame retardant, toughening, antistatic, specialized). When you need to dive deeper into a specific category, you can refer to the corresponding individual detailed reading in this series.

01 Antioxidant|02 Light Stabilizer|03 Heat Stabilizer|04 Lubricant|05 Release Agent

06 Dispersant|07 Coupling Agent|08 Compatibilizer|09 Nucleating Agent|10 Flame Retardant

11 Toughening Agent|12 Antistatic Agent|13 Foaming Agent|14 Colorant|15 Antibacterial Agent

16 Plasticizer|17 Hydrolysis Inhibitor|18 Chain Extender/Rheology Modifier|19 Slip Agent/Antiblocking Agent/Anti-Sticking Agent|20 Deodorizer/Humectant

The way to read this catalog is very simple: First, check the category based on the problem encountered with the product — for yellowing and brittleness, look for the protection category; for stickiness and deformation, look for the modification category; for flame retardancy, conductivity, and foaming, look for the special category; for odor and moisture, look for the finishing category. Each category in this series has a separate article that explains the mechanism, item by item, along with a selection list.

Figure 1 Plastic Modification Additives – A Quick Overview of 20 Types of Additives

The role of additives in modified plastics: Don't treat them like a side character

Many newcomers to the industry regard additives as 'optional extras,' which is the biggest misconception. The base resin determines the 'foundation' of the material, while additives determine the 'ceiling.' A ton of PP resin costs more than three thousand yuan; adding a few kilograms of antioxidant, nucleating agent, and lubricant can elevate the material's heat resistance, rigidity, and surface quality. In the industry, this is called the 'MSG logic': MSG doesn't occupy the volume of the soup, but without it, the soup would be bland.

The total cost of additives accounts for about 1%-5% of the cost per ton of modified plastics, yet it often determines whether the products last for three years or three months.

More importantly, the additives both 'clash' and 'team up' with each other. Antioxidants and light stabilizers need to team up to ensure stable effects; flame retardants and antioxidants may 'clash' and need to be rebalanced; adding excessive lubricants can affect printing adhesion. Therefore, modification is not about piling on additives one by one, but about creating a system where they are compatible with each other and each plays its proper role.

From 0.1% antioxidants to 30% flame retardants, the addition amount differs by three hundred times, yet they are all called 'additives'.

Think this logic through, and you won’t go off track in choosing materials: first, clearly figure out which hurdles the material needs to pass—heat resistance, sun resistance, flammability, impact strength, static electricity, rollability, and odor detection—then match corresponding additives to each hurdle. Conversely, taking a certain additive and looking for uses for it usually means it will be used in the wrong place. Formulation is 'driven by demand,' not 'driven by whatever you have on hand.'

Category 20 Classification General Table: Category/Variety/Function/Base Material/Additive Amount

This table is the core of the entire text, listing at once the representative varieties, main functions, typical substrates, and typical addition ratios of 20 types of additives. When selecting, first determine the major category here, and then read the individual articles carefully.

NumberCategoryRepresentative varietiesMain FunctionTypical substrateAdd ratio
OneAntioxidant1010/168Inhibit thermal-oxidative aging and yellowingPP/PE/ABS0.1%-0.5%
TwoLight stabilizerHALS/UV AbsorberLight and oxygen aging resistancePP Outdoor Parts0.1%-0.5%
ThreeHeat stabilizerCalcium zinc/organic tinPVC processing is stablePVC1%-5%
FourLubricantEBS/PE wax/stearic acidInternal and external lubrication balanceGeneral0.2%-1.0%
FiveRelease agentSilicone/WaxNon-stick mold, easy demoldingGeneral injection molding0.1%-0.5%
SixDispersantWax/EVA DispersantPigment and filler dispersionColor fill0.3%-1.0%
SevenCoupling agentSilane KH-550Inorganic filler interface couplingGlass fiber/mineral filled0.3%-1.0% (by filler)
EightCompatibilizerPP-g-MAHPlastic alloy compatibilityAlloy/Recycled Material2%-10%
NineNucleating agentSorbitol/OrganophosphateAccelerate crystallization and increase rigidityPP0.1%-0.3%
TenFlame retardantBromine/Phosphorus/Nitrogen-basedFlame-retardant self-insuranceElectronics and electrical appliances8%-30%
ElevenToughening agentPOE/MBSEnhance impact resistancePP/PVC/Alloy5%-20%
TwelveAntistatic agentQuaternary Ammonium Salt / Carbon BlackEliminate static electricityPackaging/Electronics0.5%-3%
ThirteenFoaming agentAC/Supercritical CO2Foam weight reductionSole / Plate Material0.1%-1%
FourteenColorantTitanium dioxide / Carbon black / PigmentGive colorGeneral0.5%-3%
FifteenAntibacterial agentSilver ion/ZincAntibacterial and antimicrobialHome Appliances / Daily Use0.5%-1%
SixteenPlasticizerNon-ortho/ortho typesPlasticizing and softeningPVCAccording to the formula 10%-40%
SeventeenAnti-hydrolytic agentCarbonyldiimidazole (CDI)Hydrolysis under damp heatPET/PBT/PA0.5%-2%
Eighteenchain extenderEpoxy ADRRecycled material increases viscosity and improves molecular weightRecycling PET0.1%-0.5%
NineteenSmooth EmulsifierErucamide/SilicaSmooth film, prevents stickingPE/PP film0.05%-0.3%
TwentyDeodorizing and moisture-absorbing agentZeolite/Molecular SieveDeodorizing and dryingRecycled material0.1%-2%

Note: The data in the table are compiled from commonly used industry ranges; the performance of specific grades is subject to the manufacturer's official TDS and batch COA. The addition ratio varies with the substrate, working conditions, and customer requirements.

Key Collocation Points: Remember the Four Iron Rules

Additives are not used in isolation; the following four points are pairing rules repeatedly verified across categories.

◆ Antioxidants and light stabilizers must be teamed up: Do not rely solely on antioxidants for outdoor parts. HALS captures free radicals, UV absorbers block them, and antioxidants provide assistance. Only the triple synergy can withstand sun and rain exposure.

◆ Coupling agent ≠ compatibilizer: Coupling agents handle 'inorganic filler ↔ resin', low molecular weight; compatibilizers handle 'resin ↔ resin alloy', high molecular weight. Don't mix up their roles.

◆ Lubricants discuss internal and external balance: internal lubrication reduces viscosity, external lubrication prevents mold sticking; insufficient internal lubrication can lead to decomposition, insufficient external lubrication makes the mold surface rough, and excessive lubrication can cause frosting.

◆ Recycled material needs accounting: Some of the antioxidant and toughening agent in the recycled material have already been consumed. When the proportion of recycled material is high, they must be replenished proportionally, otherwise it will become more brittle with more recycling.

The skill of formulating modified plastics mostly lies in the additives, which account for just a few tenths to a few percent.

Standard package table for different substrates: taking the substrate to match the formula

Different resins have completely different habits of 'consuming' additives. The table below lists the standard additive packages for common substrates; new formulas should follow this as a base before making slight adjustments.

SubstrateStandard Additive PackageKey Reminder
PP1010/168 Lubricant (optional nucleating/stabilizing/coupling)The substrate that 'consumes the most additives,' outdoor parts have stable fill light
PA6/PA661098/168 Lubricant DesiccantBe sure to dry before processing, as it easily absorbs water.
PC/ABSPC-side antioxidant lubricationPC is easily hydrolyzed, keep dry
PBTAntioxidant, lubricant, end-capping/hydrolysis inhibitorEasily thermally degraded, strictly control processing temperature
ABSAntioxidant LubricationHeat resistance is average, mainly focused on temperature control

Don't just focus on the substrate grade when it comes to modification; most of the formula failures happen at the additives stage.

Treat this set menu as a starting point rather than an end point: it is the safety baseline for most standard products. Once customers put forward higher requirements—such as low VOC for automotive parts, weather resistance for household appliances, or food contact safety for children's products—add the corresponding additives on top of this baseline and re-run small-scale tests. Establish the baseline first, then add increments as needed; this is the most reliable approach for modified formulations.

Cost Perspective and Price Range: Where the Money Goes and How to Save

The total cost of additives accounts for about 1%-5% of the per-ton cost of modified plastics. It doesn't seem like much, but the internal cost structure varies greatly. Common additive price ranges (CNY/kg) are: Antioxidant 1010/168 around 30-60, HALS 944 around 60-100, silicone masterbatch around 25-45, coupling agent KH-560 around 40-80, compatibilizer PP-g-MAH around 15-35. The real cost drivers are those additives used in large amounts, such as flame retardants, toughening agents, and compatibilizers — they can be 5% to 30% of the formulation, and the unit price multiplied by the usage amount is the main cost.

The idea of saving money is not just to blindly choose low-priced additives, but to spend money where it matters: don't skimp on antioxidants and nucleating agents that are added in small amounts and determine performance; additives used in large amounts, such as flame retardants and toughening agents, are the key points for price negotiation. The following price range table will help you build a sense of cost.

Additive CategoryPrice range (CNY/kg, fluctuates with market conditions)Cost Sensitivity
Antioxidant 1010/168About 30-60Low (add 0.2%-0.4%)
Light Stabilizer HALS944About 60-100Low
Coupling agent KH-560About 40-80Medium (by filler content)
Compatibilizer PP-g-MAHAbout 15-35Medium-high (add 2%-10%)
Silicone MasterbatchAbout 25-45middle
Flame Retardant/Toughening AgentVaries greatly depending on the systemHigh (add 8%-30%, major part of ton cost)

As a channel that has long been engaged in various plastic additives and modified raw materials, Kolon New Materials covers multiple domestic and international brand sources, and can make category combinations according to the customer's actual formulations, calculating the cost structure per ton clearly before placing an order.

Whether the material is good or not, the additives will reveal the answer.

General Principles of Procurement and Compliance: Three Checks and One Record

The pitfalls in additive procurement often lie not in price, but in the batch and documentation. The general principle in the industry can be summarized as "three checks and one retention": checking batch stability (comparing multiple batches of the same grade), checking compliance documents (obtaining FDA, GB 4806, RoHS, REACH, UL yellow cards according to usage), and checking application validation (first conducting small-scale parallel comparisons before scaling up); The first retention is to archive each batch of COA and test reports so that any issues can be traced.

Channel selection similarly: whether the category is complete, the batch is stable, and the documentation is complete, far more important than the one or two yuan per unit price. Kelong New Materials can supply conventional categories stably, shipped according to customer-specified batches, with batch reports attached with orders. During selection, kilogram-level samples can be used first, with samples before ordering.

Additives do not stand at the forefront, but they bear the weight for materials through every aging and shock.

In-depth reading guide for each type of additive: in-depth as needed

This overview covers the "full picture," focusing on the mechanism of a specific additive category, quick checks by variety, substitution comparisons, industry scenarios, and selection lists. Please refer to the corresponding articles in this series: For weather resistance, see 01 antioxidant and 02 light stabilizer; For filling enhancement, see 07 coupling agent and 08 compatibilizer; For outdoor use, see 09 nucleation and 02 light stabilization; For safety parts, look at 10 flame retardants and 11 toughening agents; For recycled materials, look at 18 chain extenders and 20 deodorizing and desidual absorbers; For films, look at 19 smoothing and opening agents. Each article includes variety-specific parameters, substitution comparison tables, and FAQ.

Modification is the key to modifying and additives as the key.

For the course on additives, first build the framework and then pay close attention to details

When selecting additives, the biggest worry is patching things together—today you hear suppliers say this is good, tomorrow you see competitors use that, and the formula gets messier. Kolon New Materials' approach is to first help clients build the framework for 20 types of additives: which are mandatory, which are optional, and which have synergies or conflicts, sort them out, and then determine each brand one by one. Conventional additives can be supplied stably, with batch reports and compliance documents included, and samples can be shipped by kilogram during selection.

Last year, a factory in South China specializing in PP modification approached Colon New Materials, saying the return rate had never dropped. Manager Wu from Cologne categorized their return slips from the past six months by reason and found that 60% was due to the additive system—improper antioxidant blending caused yellowing, excessive lubricant led to frosting, and the light stabilizer only added UV absorbers without HALS. After reorganizing the formula, the return rate dropped from about 8% to nearly 2%. The boss said that if only they had known earlier, they would have gone through the additive system first, saving a car of money.

In your formula, are the additives just filler or selective?

Statement: The brand, trademark, and product name rights mentioned in this article belong to their respective original manufacturers. This article is a third-party material selection knowledge sharing. The grades, parameters, prices, certifications, and application cases mentioned in the article are for reference only. Please refer to the latest official data and batch inspection reports from each manufacturer. This article does not constitute any procurement or investment advice; readers are responsible for any actions based on them

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